WINTRON石英晶體WCU-302A30-20-EXT-012.000MHz生產(chǎn)工藝
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如何增加電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的價值
為什么選擇Abracon運(yùn)輸和導(dǎo)航天線
專為GNSS、4G/LTE、Wi-Fi和AM/FM應(yīng)用而設(shè)計(jì)
汽車級天線已成為運(yùn)輸、導(dǎo)航和監(jiān)控應(yīng)用中不可或缺的組件。憑借IATF 16949認(rèn)證、IP67等級和多功能設(shè)計(jì)，這些天線能夠承受惡劣的環(huán)境，同時提供可靠的連接。無論是在車隊(duì)管理、資產(chǎn)跟蹤還是遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控方面，它們對多頻段和定制選項(xiàng)的支持使其成為需要無縫無線通信的行業(yè)的不二之選。
彼得曼32.768K有源晶振的優(yōu)勢，Time requirements in modern metering applications have massively increased in the last few years. The usual requirement in modern metering applications is a time offset of 1 hour after 7 years. It should also be possible for the operating temperature range of the application to comply with this value. 1 hour max. after 7 years corresponds to a frequency tolerance of ±16 ppm absolute at 32,768 kHz. It is no longer possible for conventional 32,768 kHz oscillating crystals to meet these requirements.
On the one hand, this is because 32,768 kHz are only available with a frequency tolerance of ±10ppm at +25°C, on the other hand, the temperature stability over a temperature range of -40/+85°C is more then -180 ppm. Moreover, ageing of approx. ±30 ppm after 10 years must be taken into account when calculating accuracy. In the worst case, a 32,768 kHz crystal has a maximum frequency stability of +40/-220 ppm (including adjustment at +25°C, temperature stability and ageing after 10 years). External circuit capacitance must be able to compensate any systematic frequency offset caused by the internal capacitance of the oscillator stage of the IC to be synchronised and by stray capacitance. The selection of a layout without external circuit capacitance for the 32,768 crystal involves a great risk because the accuracy of the 32,768 crystal can neither be corrected nor adjusted to suddenly changing PCB conditions during series production. Initially, the intersection angle for the 32,768 crystal was designed for optimal accuracy in wristwatches, and not for most of the applications for which it is used nowadays.
In order to meet the highly accurate time requirements, we as a clocking specialist offer the series ULPPO ultra low power 32,768 kHz oscillator. This oscillator can be operated with each voltage within a VDD range of 1.5 to 3.63 VDC. The specified current consumption is 0.99 µA. The temperature stability of ULPPOs is ±5 ppm over a temperature range of -40/+85°C. Frequency stability (delivery accuracy plus temperature stability) is ±10 ppm, and ageing after 20 years is ±2 ppm. Thus the maximum overall stability of ULPPOs is ±12 ppm including the ageing after 10 years. These are industry best parameters.
No external circuit capacitance is required for the circuiting of the ultra small housing (housing area: 1.2 mm2). The input stage of the IC installed in the ULPPO independently filters the supply voltage. Compared to crystals, ULPPOs save a lot of space on the printed circuit board so that the packing density can be increased, and smaller printed circuit boards can be designed. The adjustment of the amplitude further reduces the power consumption of the ULPPO.
For space calculations, both external circuit capacitances for a crystal on the printed circuit board must also be taken into account. With its two external circuit capacitances, even the smallest 32,768 kHz crystal requires more space on the PCB than ULPPOs do.
Moreover, very small 32,768 kHz crystals have very high resistances which usually cannot be safely overcome by the oscillator stages to be synchronised because the oscillator stages of the ICs or RTCs to be synchronised have very high tolerances as well. Therefore, sudden response time problems in the field might occur which can be ruled out with ULPPOs. Thus, the safe operation of the application is possible with ULPPOs under all circumstances.
Oscillator stages consume a lot of energy to keep a 32,768 crystal oscillating. Usually, the input stage of the MCU can be directly circuited with the LVCMOS signal of the ULPPO (usually Xin). Thus the input stage of the MCU can be deactivated (bypass function) so that the energy saved can be used for the calculation of the system power consumption of the meter. Moreover, ULPPOs are able to synchronise several ICs at a time. Due to the very high accuracy of the ULPPO, less time synchronisations are required, which also saves system power.
Of course, ULPPOs can be used in any applications which require miniaturised ultra low power 32,768 kHz oscillators such as smartphones, tablets, GPS, fitness watches, health and wellness applications, wireless keyboards, timing systems, timing applications, wearables, IoT, home automation, etc. Due to the high degree of accuracy of 32,768 kHz oscillators, the standby time or even the hypernation time in hypernation technology applications can be significantly increased so that a high amount of system power can be saved due to the significantly lower battery-intensive synchronisation cycles. Thus the 32,768 kHz oscillator is the better choice compared to 32,768 kHz crystals. Ultra low power 32,768 kHz oscillators are available with diverse accuracy variations – see also the ULPO-RB1 and -RB2 series.
不斷精進(jìn)自我的優(yōu)質(zhì)制造商彼得曼公司，致力于開發(fā)大量高質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品，隨著近幾年來，現(xiàn)代計(jì)量應(yīng)用的時間要求大幅提高。現(xiàn)代計(jì)量應(yīng)用的通常要求是7年后時間偏移1小時。應(yīng)用的工作溫度范圍也應(yīng)符合該值。最多1小時。7年后對應(yīng)于32，768kHz下16ppm絕對值的頻率容差。傳統(tǒng)的32，768 kHz振蕩晶體不再可能滿足這些要求。彼得曼32.768K有源晶振的優(yōu)勢.
一方面，這是因?yàn)?2，768kHz僅在+25°C時具有10ppm的頻率容差，另一方面，在-40/+85°C溫度范圍內(nèi)的溫度穩(wěn)定性高于-180ppm。此外，老化約。計(jì)算精度時，必須考慮10年后的30ppm。最差情況下，32.768K有源晶振的最大頻率穩(wěn)定性為+40/-220 ppm(包括+25°C時的調(diào)整、溫度穩(wěn)定性和10年后的老化)。外部電路電容必須能夠補(bǔ)償由要同步的ic振蕩器級的內(nèi)部電容和雜散電容引起的任何系統(tǒng)頻率偏移。為32，768晶振選擇無外部電路電容的布局包含很大的風(fēng)險，因?yàn)樵谂可a(chǎn)期間，32，768晶振的精度既不能校正也不能調(diào)整以適應(yīng)突然變化的PCB條件。最初，32，768英寸晶體的交叉角度是為手表的最佳精度而設(shè)計(jì)的，而不是為如今使用它的大多數(shù)應(yīng)用而設(shè)計(jì)的。
揭秘領(lǐng)先全球AEL水晶與Abracon之間的關(guān)系，F(xiàn)ounded in 1960, the AEL Crystal brand offers a range of innovative timing and frequency components. AEL provides solutions across frequency control technologies including quartz crystals, oscillators, and resonators.
AEL水晶品牌成立于1960年，提供一系列創(chuàng)新的計(jì)時和頻率組件。AEL提供跨頻率控制技術(shù)的解決方案，包括壓電石英晶體、振蕩器和諧振器。
Abracon LLC(Abracon)宣布已完成對AEL晶體有限公司的收購，這是一家總部位于英國薩里的私營頻率控制供應(yīng)商。
“我們很高興將這兩家頻率控制公司聯(lián)合在一起，因?yàn)槲覀冊黾恿艘粋€非常有知識的AEL團(tuán)隊(duì)，增強(qiáng)了我們在歐洲市場的存在，”說邁克·卡拉布里亞，Abracon的總裁兼首席執(zhí)行官。“Abracon的一個關(guān)鍵戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)是在歐洲建立一個帶有服務(wù)中心的硬站點(diǎn)。AEL的加入實(shí)現(xiàn)了這一目標(biāo)，因?yàn)橛鳤EL公司總部將轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)锳bracon歐洲服務(wù)中心。
收購AEL晶體后，Abracon將能夠進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大其頻率控制和定時設(shè)備組合，并擴(kuò)大Abracon在歐洲市場的實(shí)體存在。將AEL的石英晶振產(chǎn)品系列整合到Abracon現(xiàn)有的產(chǎn)品組合中，將增強(qiáng)Abracon提供最新技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)支持和全球供應(yīng)鏈靈活性的能力，以解決客戶當(dāng)今的獨(dú)特挑戰(zhàn)。
“我們AEL水晶有限公司很高興成為Abracon大家庭的一員加里·拉姆斯代爾，AEL董事總經(jīng)理。“我們早就認(rèn)識到，AEL晶振公司和Abracon公司擁有共同的客戶服務(wù)核心價值觀、無與倫比的頻率控制產(chǎn)品系列和可靠的聲譽(yù)。我們期待將這些原則引入歐洲市場。”
Abracon將積極支持AEL產(chǎn)品線的整合，以及客戶所熟知的卓越客戶服務(wù)和可靠性。
In the world of electronics, crystal oscillators are indispensable components. They're found in everything from consumer electronics to telecommunications equipment, providing the precision timing necessary for these devices to operate correctly. But a question that often arises is: Are crystal oscillators polarized? Let's delve into this, while also discussing what a crystal oscillator does and its main advantages.
A crystal oscillator is an electronic device that uses the mechanical resonance of a physical crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a very precise frequency. This frequency is used to keep track of time, as in quartz wristwatches, to provide a stable clock signal for digital integrated circuits, and to stabilize frequencies for radio transmitters and receivers.
The crystal, usually quartz, oscillates or vibrates at a specific frequency when voltage is applied. This vibration is then converted back into a voltage at the same frequency, creating an incredibly stable and consistent signal that can be used for timing purposes.
Polarity refers to the electrical property of having two oppositely charged poles - one positive and one negative. Components that are polarized must be connected in a certain way to function properly. However, crystal oscillators are not polarized. They can be connected in any orientation and will still function as expected.
The reason for this lies in how crystal oscillators work. The piezoelectric crystal within the oscillator vibrates when voltage is applied, regardless of the direction of that voltage. As such, there's no 'right' or 'wrong' way to connect a crystal oscillator – it will function correctly as long as it's properly connected to the circuit.
Crystal oscillators offer several key advantages that make them widely used across various applications:
1. High Stability: Crystal oscillators generate signals with excellent frequency stability and precision, making them ideal for tasks that require accurate timing.
2. Wide Frequency Range: These oscillators can generate signals over a wide range of frequencies, providing flexibility for different applications.
3. Low Power Consumption: Due to their design, crystal oscillators consume relatively low power, which is beneficial for battery-operated devices.
4. Durability: Crystal oscillators are highly durable and resistant to environmental changes such as temperature and humidity fluctuations.遙遙領(lǐng)先加高晶體振蕩器極化有何影響?
In conclusion, while crystal oscillators are not polarized, their role in providing precise and stable timing signals is crucial in the realm of electronics. With their high stability, wide frequency range, low power consumption, and durability, it's no surprise that crystal oscillators are a cornerstone of modern electronic devices.
晶體振蕩器是極化的嗎？
在電子領(lǐng)域，石英晶體振蕩器是不可或缺的元件。從消費(fèi)電子產(chǎn)品到電信設(shè)備，它們無處不在，為這些設(shè)備的正確運(yùn)行提供必要的精確計(jì)時。但是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的一個問題是:晶體振蕩器是極化的嗎？讓我們深入研究這一點(diǎn)，同時討論晶體振蕩器的作用及其主要優(yōu)勢。
領(lǐng)先同行高加音頻晶體打開沉浸感的新維度，Unleashing the Power of Audio Crystals: Elevating Your Sound Experience
Introduction
In the realm of audio technology, a fascinating innovation has emerged - audio crystals. These remarkable crystals have revolutionized the way we perceive and experience sound. In this blog post, we will explore the enchanting world of audio crystals, delving into their capabilities, benefits, and how they have transformed our audio landscape.
Understanding Audio Crystals
Audio crystals are specialized components that possess unique properties for enhancing sound quality. These crystals are meticulously engineered to resonate at specific frequencies, allowing them to optimize audio performance across various devices and settings. By harnessing the inherent properties of these crystals, audio engineers can unlock the full potential of sound reproduction.
The Science Behind Audio Crystals
Audio crystals operate on the principle of piezoelectricity. This phenomenon occurs when certain crystals generate an electric charge under mechanical stress, such as when subjected to vibrations or pressure. By strategically incorporating these crystals into audio systems, the vibrations caused by sound waves can be efficiently converted into electrical signals, resulting in clearer, more immersive sound reproduction.
Benefits of Audio Crystals
The integration of audio crystals brings about several noteworthy benefits:
The Future of Audio Crystals
As technology continues to advance, the potential of audio crystals is boundless. With ongoing research and development, we can expect even further advancements in sound reproduction, leading to more refined audio experiences for enthusiasts and professionals alike. The integration of audio crystals into emerging technologies, such as virtual reality and augmented reality, holds exciting possibilities for immersive audio in the future.
In conclusion, audio crystals have emerged as a game-changing innovation in the world of audio technology. By harnessing their unique properties, we can unlock new dimensions of sound quality and immersion. As we continue to explore the endless possibilities of audio crystals, one thing is certain - the future of sound has never sounded brighter.
釋放音頻晶體的力量:提升您的聲音體驗(yàn)
介紹
在音頻技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，一項(xiàng)引人入勝的創(chuàng)新出現(xiàn)了——音頻晶體。這些非凡的晶體徹底改變了我們感知和體驗(yàn)聲音的方式。在這篇博文中，我們將探索音頻晶體的迷人世界，深入了解它們的功能、優(yōu)勢，以及它們?nèi)绾胃淖兞宋覀兊囊纛l格局。
了解音頻晶體
音頻晶體是一種特殊的部件，具有增強(qiáng)音質(zhì)的獨(dú)特性能。這些壓電石英晶體經(jīng)過精心設(shè)計(jì)，可在特定頻率下共振，從而優(yōu)化各種設(shè)備和設(shè)置的音頻性能。通過利用這些晶體的固有特性，音頻工程師可以釋放聲音再現(xiàn)的全部潛力。
音頻晶體背后的科學(xué)
音頻晶體根據(jù)壓電原理工作。當(dāng)某些晶體在機(jī)械應(yīng)力下產(chǎn)生電荷時，例如受到振動或壓力時，就會出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象。通過戰(zhàn)略性地將這些晶體融入音頻系統(tǒng)，聲波引起的振動可以有效地轉(zhuǎn)換為電信號，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)更清晰、更身臨其境的聲音再現(xiàn)。
領(lǐng)先同行思佳訊有源晶振支持5G部署，加州歐文。-(商業(yè)資訊)-Skyworks解決方案公司。(Nasdaq: SWKS)今天宣布推出新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)同步解決方案產(chǎn)品組合，其中包括NetSync時鐘集成電路器件的Si551x和Si540x系列以及Skyworks的accu time IEEE 1588軟件。每個有源晶振產(chǎn)品系列都旨在滿足移動運(yùn)營商和設(shè)備供應(yīng)商對5G前端網(wǎng)絡(luò)的要求。精確的時間同步對于超可靠的網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)行至關(guān)重要，并為未來的增強(qiáng)鋪平了道路，包括超可靠的低延遲通信(URLLC)和協(xié)調(diào)多點(diǎn)接入(CoMP)，使5G能夠支持自動駕駛汽車、工廠自動化、遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療和其他新興應(yīng)用。
“Skyworks數(shù)十年的專業(yè)知識和專利定時技術(shù)使該公司能夠提供一流的性能、集成度和可靠性，并具有超低抖動DSPLL®MultiSynth“任意頻率”時鐘合成架構(gòu)馬克·湯普森，高級副總裁兼混合信號解決方案事業(yè)部總經(jīng)理Skyworks。“這項(xiàng)技術(shù)允許將多種時鐘和同步功能集成到一個OSC晶振器件中，從而降低功耗和印刷電路板空間，同時簡化高頻設(shè)計(jì)。Skyworks一直與恩智浦半導(dǎo)體和AMD等合作伙伴合作，推動面向公共和私有無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)市場的5G解決方案。"
“專注于支持O-RAN 5G解決方案的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，使客戶能夠快速將產(chǎn)品推向市場，恩智浦利用其Layerscape多核處理器和基于Layerscape Access可編程處理器的硬件功能實(shí)現(xiàn)1588時序同步，并將其與Skyworks提供的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)解決方案相結(jié)合，”表示塔里克·布斯塔米恩智浦半導(dǎo)體網(wǎng)絡(luò)邊緣高級副總裁兼總經(jīng)理。“我們與Skyworks提供強(qiáng)大的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)解決方案，滿足不斷發(fā)展的5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)的嚴(yán)格要求。"
“Skyworks Si551x和Si540x產(chǎn)品是我們片上系統(tǒng)(SoC)解決方案的理想伴侶，包括我們針對5G RRU、波束成形前端和vDU的RFSoC DFE和Versal平臺，”表示邁克·維索利克數(shù)據(jù)中心營銷總監(jiān)通信集團(tuán)在AMD。“AccuTime軟件在我們內(nèi)置的ARM處理器子系統(tǒng)上運(yùn)行，并利用片上ip，讓客戶擁有真正集成的同步解決方案。”
其他產(chǎn)品信息:
Skyworks的Si551x和Si540x定時解決方案符合所有相關(guān)的電信標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，包括ITU-T G.826x/G.827x、IEEE 1588-2008/2019和O-RAN WG4，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)跨網(wǎng)絡(luò)的穩(wěn)定可靠的同步。這些新產(chǎn)品正在生產(chǎn)中，現(xiàn)已提供樣片和評估套件。領(lǐng)先同行思佳訊有源晶振支持5G部署.
Abracon ClearClockTM晶體振蕩器系列解決方案，由于不斷增加的時鐘抖動，系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)者面臨著與參考時鐘抖動相關(guān)的基本挑戰(zhàn)需要更小的形狀因子：隨著參考振蕩器內(nèi)石英晶體的尺寸減小，保持優(yōu)異rms抖動性能的能力變得具有挑戰(zhàn)性。隨著不斷的需求無論是系統(tǒng)的整體尺寸還是功能，設(shè)計(jì)者都在尋找滿足最佳要求的參考時鐘小尺寸收斂和抖動性能。
從一開始，Abracon就專注于始終如一地實(shí)現(xiàn)這種融合以微型形狀因子生產(chǎn)超低均方根抖動時鐘解決方案。2018年，Abracon推出了兩款ClearClockTM系列下的解決方案，5x3.2mm和5x7mm封裝的AX5和AX7系列有源晶體振蕩器，分別地這些設(shè)備基于復(fù)雜的PLL技術(shù)，如圖1所示卓越的均方根抖動性能–通常在載波12kHz至20MHz范圍內(nèi)優(yōu)于150fs。
在上述PLL方法中，采用了一些技術(shù)來提高相位噪聲的限制檢測器底板，使相位噪聲斜率提高了收斂性——進(jìn)一步遠(yuǎn)離載波。AX5和AX7設(shè)備經(jīng)過優(yōu)化，可滿足50MHz和2.1GHz載波之間的市場需求頻率。這些設(shè)備可以配置為之前指定的Abracon的生產(chǎn)設(shè)施。憑借提供業(yè)界領(lǐng)先的頻率上限的能力，AX5和AX7解決方案非常適合需要大于200MHz時鐘的應(yīng)用參考.
Abracon進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識到，對需要100至200MHz時鐘的客戶的需求日益增長與基于PLL的AX5和AX7設(shè)備相比，具有更小形狀因數(shù)的解決方案。這些要求是通常以PCI Express（PCIe）、光收發(fā)器、數(shù)據(jù)存儲和網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)為中心。
作為回應(yīng)，Abracon推出了第三泛音ClearClockTM OSC振蕩器解決方案：AK2、AX3、AK5和AK7系列這些設(shè)備使用更安靜的架構(gòu)，實(shí)現(xiàn)卓越的超低均方根抖動性能和業(yè)界領(lǐng)先的微型封裝能效.
例如，2.5x2.0x1.0mm AK2 ClearClockTM提供盡可能低的外形典型的均方根抖動性能為117fs@156.25MHz，LVDS輸出格式為+2.5V偏置在遠(yuǎn)離載波的12kHz到20MHz帶寬上，最大保證抖動性能為200fs。（見圖2。）
AX3 ClearClockTM有源晶振采用3.2 x 2.5 x 1.0 mm封裝，可提供低于80fs的典型均方根抖動在156.25MHz載波上，LVPECL輸出格式的+3.3V偏置。（參見上一頁的圖3。）
第三泛音設(shè)備性能的秘訣在于其架構(gòu)的簡單性。精心設(shè)計(jì)第三泛音晶體空白，連同所需載波信號的適當(dāng)捕獲，確保在感興趣的載波上具有出色的均方根抖動性能。
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